# Arizona Consumer Privacy Law[^about] Arizona has no comprehensive consumer-privacy statute. The operative state laws are the 45-day breach-notification article (A.R.S. §§ 18-551, 18-552), the Consumer Fraud Act, and the Genetic Information Privacy Act for DNA testing companies; the rest of an Arizona privacy program rides the federal overlay. ## Which privacy laws apply to your business in Arizona? {#which-privacy-laws-apply} **Short answer.** There is no comprehensive Arizona consumer-privacy law. The closest thing to a general state data duty is the breach-notification article, which applies to any person that conducts business in Arizona and that owns, maintains, or licenses unencrypted and unredacted computerized personal information — with no revenue or consumer-volume threshold [^stat-breach-scope]. Day-to-day data practices are policed instead through the Consumer Fraud Act, which declares any deception, deceptive or unfair act or practice, or material omission in connection with the sale or advertisement of any merchandise an unlawful practice [^stat-cfa-unlawful]. The breach article does not reach everyone: persons subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and HIPAA covered entities and business associates are exempt from it entirely [^stat-breach-exempt]. One persistent piece of misinformation is worth clearing away first: a claim circulating in compliance-vendor trackers that an Arizona comprehensive privacy law took effect on January 1, 2026 is false — Arizona has never enacted an omnibus privacy statute, and the 2026 proposals (S.B. 1815, which would have created a controller-and-processor framework, and S.B. 1790, which would have regulated data brokers) died in committee without a hearing. Because no omnibus law exists, Arizona residents have no general state-law rights to access, delete, or correct their personal data or to opt out of its sale or use for targeted advertising, businesses face no notice-at-collection, consent, or data-protection-assessment duties, and universal opt-out signals such as Global Privacy Control have no Arizona statute to hook into. What exists instead is a sectoral patchwork: the breach-notification article sets the one statewide incident-response clock; the Consumer Fraud Act supplies the deception backstop; the Genetic Information Privacy Act regulates direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies; an older article makes genetic-test results confidential and privileged; and narrow statutes restrict Social Security number use and the disposal of paper records. State agencies — but not businesses — must post website privacy-policy statements. Criminal and public-library reader-record rules sit outside this commercial-practice note. The rest of an Arizona-facing program rides the federal overlay: Section 5 of the FTC Act reaches deceptive or unfair privacy practices nationwide, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act governs financial institutions, HIPAA governs covered health entities, and the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act governs services directed to children under 13. Businesses with multistate programs can usually layer any future Arizona omnibus obligations onto this federal-and-sectoral baseline. ## What must your Arizona privacy policy contain? {#privacy-policy-contents} **Short answer.** No Arizona statute requires a commercial website or business to post a consumer privacy policy or fixes what one must say. The state's only privacy-policy mandates are narrowly scoped: every state-agency website must contain a privacy policy statement disclosing its information-gathering and dissemination practices [^stat-agency-policy], and a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company must make available both a high-level privacy policy overview and a prominent, publicly available privacy notice covering its collection, consent, use, disclosure, security, retention, and deletion practices [^q2-gipa-notice]. For everyone else, the governing rule is that whatever you publish must be true: Section 5 of the FTC Act supplies the federal unfair-or-deceptive-practices hook [^fed-ftc5-deceptive], and the Consumer Fraud Act reaches privacy-policy misrepresentations or material omissions tied to the sale or advertisement of merchandise as a matter of state law [^q2-cfa-deception]. In practice the drafting question in Arizona is less what must be included and more does the policy match actual practice. Arizona courts may use FTC Act interpretations as a guide when construing the Consumer Fraud Act, so FTC privacy-deception precedent is a strong analogue rather than an automatic mapping [^q2-cfa-ftc-guide]. Build the policy from the sectoral overlay that applies to you: GLBA privacy notices if you are a financial institution, a COPPA notice if your service is directed to children under 13, and for a HIPAA covered entity a notice of the uses and disclosures of protected health information and of the individual's rights and the entity's duties [^fed-hipaa-notice]. For businesses outside those verticals, follow best practice — describe the categories of data collected, the purposes, the third parties you share with, and how users exercise any choices you offer — then honor it, because the enforceable obligation in Arizona is consistency between the statement and the conduct, not conformity to a state checklist. ## What must your contracts with vendors say? {#vendor-contracts} **Short answer.** Arizona has no omnibus data-processing-agreement requirement — no state statute prescribes controller-to-processor terms, audit rights, deletion clauses, or subprocessor flow-downs for general commercial contracts. The one statewide vendor duty is breach-specific: a vendor that maintains computerized personal information it does not own or license must notify the owner or licensee as soon as practicable after discovering a breach and cooperate, including by sharing information relevant to the breach [^stat-breach-vendor]. Where a federal or sectoral regime is in scope, it supplies the contracting obligations: the GLBA Safeguards Rule requires financial institutions to oversee service providers by contract and to require them to implement appropriate safeguards [^fed-glba-safeguards], and HIPAA requires a business-associate agreement with mandatory data-protection, breach-reporting, and downstream-subcontractor terms before sharing protected health information [^fed-hipaa-baa]. Outside those verticals, the prudent move is to carry the same protections forward as best practice — processing limited to documented instructions, confidentiality, reasonable security, breach notification back to your business on a clock tighter than the statute's, and return or deletion of data at the end of the engagement — even though no Arizona statute compels them. Note one allocation point in the breach statute worth handling by contract: a vendor that maintains data under an agreement with the owner is not itself required to notify individuals unless the agreement says so, which means the notification burden defaults to you and the contract is where you set the vendor's discovery-to-notice timeline and cooperation duties. ## When must you notify people of a data breach in Arizona? {#breach-notification} **Short answer.** Arizona runs on a hard 45-day clock. After becoming aware of a *security incident*, a business must promptly investigate whether a *security system breach* occurred [^q4-breach-investigate] — a breach being an unauthorized acquisition of and access to unencrypted, unredacted computerized personal information that materially compromises its security or confidentiality [^stat-breach-def]. If the investigation determines there was a breach, the business must notify affected individuals within forty-five days after the determination, and if more than one thousand individuals must be notified, it must also notify the three largest nationwide consumer reporting agencies, the Attorney General, and the director of the Arizona Department of Homeland Security in writing [^stat-breach-timing]. The notice itself has statutorily fixed contents: the approximate date of the breach, a brief description of the personal information involved, contact details for the three largest nationwide consumer reporting agencies, and contact details for the FTC or another federal identity-theft agency [^stat-breach-contents]. Permitted methods are written, email, or live non-prerecorded telephone notice; substitute notice is allowed only when direct notice would cost more than $50,000, the affected class exceeds one hundred thousand individuals, or contact information is insufficient, and it requires a letter to the Attorney General plus conspicuous website posting for at least 45 days if the person maintains a website [^stat-breach-methods]. *Personal information* is broader than the classic name-plus-SSN pairing: it includes health-insurance ID numbers, medical or mental-health treatment or diagnosis information, passport numbers, taxpayer IDs, biometric authentication data, and online-account credentials [^stat-breach-pi-elements]. For a credential-only breach, the business may direct the individual to reset passwords and should not rely on the breached email account as the compliance notice channel when the breached credentials are for an email account furnished by the business [^stat-breach-credentials]. Three outs matter in practice. Encryption and redaction are built into the breach definition, so properly encrypted data generally does not trigger notice. A business that follows its own consistent notification procedures, or its primary or functional federal regulator's rules, is deemed compliant [^stat-breach-safe-harbors]. And no notice at all is required if the business, an independent third-party forensic auditor, or law enforcement determines after a reasonable investigation that the breach is not reasonably likely to result in substantial economic loss to affected individuals [^stat-breach-exception] — an economic-loss trigger that is narrower than the harm-based formulations many other states use. Enforcement is Attorney General-only: a *knowing and wilful* violation is an unlawful practice under the Consumer Fraud Act, with a civil penalty capped at the lesser of $10,000 per affected individual or the individuals' total economic loss, and a $500,000 maximum per breach or series of related breaches [^q4-breach-penalty]. ## What are the rules for genetic data and DNA test kits in Arizona? {#genetic-data} **Short answer.** Genetic data is the one area where Arizona has real, modern consumer-privacy law — through two distinct regimes. The Genetic Information Privacy Act covers entities that offer genetic testing products or services directly to consumers and collect genetic data or biological samples for analysis [^gipa-company-scope]. A covered company must obtain initial express consent that describes the uses of the genetic data, plus separate express consent for transfers to outsiders, for uses beyond the primary testing purpose, and for retaining the biological sample [^gipa-consent]. The company may never disclose genetic data to a health, life, or long-term-care insurer or to the consumer's employer [^gipa-insurer-ban]. Separately, an older confidentiality article makes genetic-test results confidential and privileged: outside enumerated exceptions, no one may disclose or be compelled to disclose the identity of a person tested or results that allow identification [^genetic-confidential]. The Genetic Information Privacy Act is built around layered consent, but it also imposes operational duties: a comprehensive security program and a requirement of valid legal process before genetic data goes to law enforcement or any other government agency without express written consent [^gipa-government-security]. The company also must provide a consumer process to access genetic data, delete the account and genetic data, and obtain destruction of the biological sample [^gipa-process]. Research transfers need informed consent meeting the federal human-subjects rules, and genetic-data-based marketing needs its own express consent [^gipa-research-marketing]. The act exempts HIPAA-governed protected health information, samples and data generated for medical screening, treatment, or diagnosis, and institutions of higher education [^gipa-exceptions]; combined with the direct-to-consumer definition, those exemptions leave the act focused on consumer DNA-kit services rather than clinical care. Enforcement belongs to the Attorney General, with a civil penalty of up to $2,500 per violation plus consumers' actual damages [^gipa-enforcement]; there is no private right of action under the act. The older genetic-testing confidentiality article reaches further than DNA-kit companies. It also requires parental or guardian consent before genetic testing of an unemancipated minor [^genetic-minor-consent] and, outside narrow research and public-health circumstances, bars a health care provider from conducting a genetic test without first obtaining written informed consent [^genetic-informed-consent]. State and local agencies must keep genetic-testing records confidential and out of public-records inspection [^genetic-public-records]. One gap worth knowing: the confidentiality article states duties but contains no express penalty or enforcement provision, so how a violation would be remedied — negligence theories, the Consumer Fraud Act, or privacy torts — remains unresolved. ## Does Arizona restrict how you handle Social Security numbers and discard old records? {#ssn-and-records-disposal} **Short answer.** Yes — two narrow but long-standing statutes apply to nearly every business. Since January 1, 2005, no person or entity may make an individual's Social Security number available to the general public, print it on access cards, require its transmission over the internet unless the connection is secure or the number is encrypted, use it as a website login without an additional authenticator, or print a known Social Security number on mailed materials except within statutory carveouts [^stat-ssn-restrictions]. And an entity may not knowingly discard records containing a name combined with a complete Social Security number, payment-card number, retirement or financial-account number, or driver-license number without first redacting the information or destroying the records [^stat-disposal]. Both statutes are enforced by public officials rather than consumers. Under the Social Security number statute, only the Attorney General or a county attorney may commence a legal action [^stat-ssn-enforcement]. The disposal statute is likewise enforced by the Attorney General or county attorneys [^stat-disposal-enforcement], with tiered civil penalties per incident — up to $500 for a first violation, $1,000 for a second, and $5,000 for a third or subsequent violation [^stat-disposal-penalty]. Scope limits matter on both: the SSN statute grandfathers continuous pre-2005 uses subject to annual disclosure and opt-out duties, and the disposal statute applies only to paper records — electronic data disposal is untouched by it — with an own-procedures safe harbor and exemptions for GLBA, HIPAA, and FCRA-regulated entities [^stat-disposal-limits]. Neither statute creates an express consumer lawsuit in these quoted enforcement provisions, but sloppy SSN handling or dumpster-diving incidents can still surface in Attorney General consumer-protection practice, and a public SSN exposure that contradicts your stated security practices carries independent Consumer Fraud Act and FTC Act deception risk. ## Can a consumer sue your business in Arizona over privacy? {#consumer-lawsuit} **Short answer.** Not under Arizona's privacy-specific statutes. The breach-notification article is enforceable only by the Attorney General, with a civil penalty capped at the lesser of $10,000 per affected individual or the individuals' total economic loss, up to $500,000 per breach or related series [^q7-breach-penalty]. The Genetic Information Privacy Act is also Attorney General-enforced, with penalties up to $2,500 per violation plus consumers' actual damages [^q7-gipa-enforcement]. The broader exposure runs through the Consumer Fraud Act: the Attorney General can obtain injunctions, restoration of money or property, and disgorgement of profits for any unlawful practice [^q7-cfa-remedies], and can recover a civil penalty of up to $10,000 per wilful violation [^q7-cfa-penalty] — *wilful* meaning the business knew or should have known its conduct was prohibited. None of these statutes gives a business a cure period — there is no statutory right to fix a violation before the Attorney General acts, only the practical mitigation of cooperating once an inquiry starts. The Attorney General also recovers costs and reasonable attorney fees in Consumer Fraud Act actions [^q7-cfa-costs]. Private litigation is not entirely off the table, but the privacy-specific statutes quoted here do not create a consumer action. A plaintiff trying to plead a statutory privacy-misrepresentation theory would likely start with the Consumer Fraud Act's unlawful-practice language [^q7-cfa-unlawful]; whether that theory works for a pure privacy misrepresentation — a privacy policy that overpromises, a broken security commitment — is untested in Arizona's appellate courts, and the breach statute's text leaves breach-notification enforcement to the Attorney General [^q7-breach-penalty]. Plaintiffs can also plead common-law theories such as negligence or invasion of privacy after an incident, but those face the usual standing and damages hurdles absent actual misuse of the data. The operational takeaway: Arizona privacy exposure today is regulator-shaped — manage it by keeping the privacy policy truthful, hitting the 45-day breach clock, and treating genetic data under its dedicated consent regime. [^about]: By Steven Obiajulu, J.D. Published by [openagreements.org](https://openagreements.org) · Maintained by [UseJunior](https://usejunior.com). Last reviewed 2026-06-11. License: CC BY 4.0. Steven Obiajulu, J.D. is admitted in New York, not Arizona. This article synthesizes Arizona primary law and is not legal advice from a Arizona-admitted attorney. This article is for informational purposes only and does not create an attorney-client relationship. [^stat-breach-scope]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "If a person that conducts business in this state and that owns, maintains or licenses unencrypted and unredacted computerized personal information becomes aware of a security incident, the person shall conduct an investigation to promptly determine whether there has been a security system breach." *A.R.S. § 18-552(A).* [^stat-cfa-unlawful]: **A.R.S. § 44-1522** — "The act, use or employment by any person of any deception, deceptive or unfair act or practice, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation, or concealment, suppression or omission of any material fact with intent that others rely on such concealment, suppression or omission, in connection with the sale or advertisement of any merchandise whether or not any person has in fact been misled, deceived or damaged thereby, is declared to be an unlawful practice." *A.R.S. § 44-1522(A).* [^stat-breach-exempt]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "This article does not apply to either of the following: 1. A person that is subject to title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley act (P.L. 106-102; 113 Stat. 1338; 15 United States Code sections 6801 through 6809). 2. A covered entity or business associates as defined under regulations implementing the health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996, 45 Code of Federal Regulations section 160.103 (2013) or a charitable fundraising foundation or nonprofit corporation whose primary purpose is to support a specified covered entity, if the charitable fundraising foundation or nonprofit corporation complies with any applicable provision of the health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 and its implementing regulations." *A.R.S. § 18-552(N).* [^stat-agency-policy]: **A.R.S. § 18-202** — "An agency web site provided by this state shall contain a privacy policy statement to disclose the information gathering and dissemination practices related to the internet." *A.R.S. § 18-202.* [^q2-gipa-notice]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "Provide clear and complete information regarding the company's policies and procedures for collecting, using or disclosing genetic data by making available to a consumer both of the following: (a) A high-level privacy policy overview that includes basic, essential information about the company's collection, use or disclosure of genetic data. (b) A prominent, publicly available privacy notice that includes information about the company's data collection, consent, use, access, disclosure, transfer, security and retention and deletion practices." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(A)(1).* [^fed-ftc5-deceptive]: **FTC Act § 5** — "Unfair methods of competition in or affecting commerce, and unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce, are hereby declared unlawful." *15 U.S.C. § 45(a)(1).* [^q2-cfa-deception]: **A.R.S. § 44-1522** — "The act, use or employment by any person of any deception, deceptive or unfair act or practice, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation, or concealment, suppression or omission of any material fact with intent that others rely on such concealment, suppression or omission, in connection with the sale or advertisement of any merchandise whether or not any person has in fact been misled, deceived or damaged thereby, is declared to be an unlawful practice." *A.R.S. § 44-1522(A).* [^q2-cfa-ftc-guide]: **A.R.S. § 44-1522** — "It is the intent of the legislature, in construing subsection A, that the courts may use as a guide interpretations given by the federal trade commission and the federal courts to 15 United States Code sections 45, 52 and 55(a)(1)." *A.R.S. § 44-1522(C).* [^fed-hipaa-notice]: **HIPAA Notice of Privacy Practices** — "an individual has a right to adequate notice of the uses and disclosures of protected health information that may be made by the covered entity, and of the individual's rights and the covered entity's legal duties with respect to protected health information" *45 C.F.R. § 164.520(a).* [^stat-breach-vendor]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "A person that maintains unencrypted and unredacted computerized personal information that the person does not own or license shall notify, as soon as practicable, the owner or licensee of the information on discovering any security system breach and cooperate with the owner or the licensee of the personal information, including sharing information relevant to the breach with the owner or licensee." *A.R.S. § 18-552(C).* [^fed-glba-safeguards]: **GLBA Safeguards Rule** — "Requiring your service providers by contract to implement and maintain such safeguards" *16 C.F.R. § 314.4(d)(2).* [^fed-hipaa-baa]: **HIPAA Business Associate Contracts** — "A contract between the covered entity and a business associate must: (i) Establish the permitted and required uses and disclosures of protected health information by the business associate. The contract may not authorize the business associate to use or further disclose the information in a manner that would violate the requirements of this subpart, if done by the covered entity, except that: (A) The contract may permit the business associate to use and disclose protected health information for the proper management and administration of the business associate, as provided in paragraph (e)(4) of this section; and (B) The contract may permit the business associate to provide data aggregation services relating to the health care operations of the covered entity. (ii) Provide that the business associate will: (A) Not use or further disclose the information other than as permitted or required by the contract or as required by law; (B) Use appropriate safeguards and comply, where applicable, with subpart C of this part with respect to electronic protected health information, to prevent use or disclosure of the information other than as provided for by its contract; (C) Report to the covered entity any use or disclosure of the information not provided for by its contract of which it becomes aware, including breaches of unsecured protected health information as required by § 164.410; (D) In accordance with § 164.502(e)(1)(ii), ensure that any subcontractors that create, receive, maintain, or transmit protected health information on behalf of the business associate agree to the same restrictions and conditions that apply to the business associate with respect to such information; (E) Make available protected health information in accordance with § 164.524; (F) Make available protected health information for amendment and incorporate any amendments to protected health information in accordance with § 164.526; (G) Make available the information required to provide an accounting of disclosures in accordance with § 164.528; (H) To the extent the business associate is to carry out a covered entity's obligation under this subpart, comply with the requirements of this subpart that apply to the covered entity in the performance of such obligation. (I) Make its internal practices, books, and records relating to the use and disclosure of protected health information received from, or created or received by the business associate on behalf of, the covered entity available to the Secretary for purposes of determining the covered entity's compliance with this subpart; and (J) At termination of the contract, if feasible, return or destroy all protected health information received from, or created or received by the business associate on behalf of, the covered entity that the business associate still maintains in any form and retain no copies of such information or, if such return or destruction is not feasible, extend the protections of the contract to the information and limit further uses and disclosures to those purposes that make the return or destruction of the information infeasible." *45 C.F.R. § 164.504(e)(2).* [^q4-breach-investigate]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "If a person that conducts business in this state and that owns, maintains or licenses unencrypted and unredacted computerized personal information becomes aware of a security incident, the person shall conduct an investigation to promptly determine whether there has been a security system breach." *A.R.S. § 18-552(A).* [^stat-breach-def]: **A.R.S. § 18-551** — "Means an unauthorized acquisition of and unauthorized access that materially compromises the security or confidentiality of unencrypted and unredacted computerized personal information maintained as part of a database of personal information regarding multiple individuals." *A.R.S. § 18-551(1)(a).* [^stat-breach-timing]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "If the investigation results in a determination that there has been a security system breach, the person that owns or licenses the computerized data, within forty-five days after the determination, shall: 1. Notify the individuals affected pursuant to subsection E of this section and subject to the needs of law enforcement as provided in subsection D of this section. 2. If the breach requires notification of more than one thousand individuals, notify both: (a) The three largest nationwide consumer reporting agencies. (b) The attorney general and the director of the Arizona department of homeland security, in writing, in a form prescribed by rule or order of the attorney general or the director of the Arizona department of homeland security or by providing the attorney general or the director of the Arizona department of homeland security with a copy of the notification provided pursuant to paragraph 1 of this subsection." *A.R.S. § 18-552(B).* [^stat-breach-contents]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "The notification required by subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section shall include at least the following: 1. The approximate date of the breach. 2. A brief description of the personal information included in the breach. 3. The toll-free numbers and addresses for the three largest nationwide consumer reporting agencies. 4. The toll-free number, address and website address for the federal trade commission or any federal agency that assists consumers with identity theft matters." *A.R.S. § 18-552(E).* [^stat-breach-methods]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "The notification required by subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section shall be provided by one of the following methods: 1. Written notice. 2. An email notice if the person has email addresses for the individuals who are subject to the notice. 3. Telephonic notice, if telephonic contact is made directly with the affected individuals and is not through a prerecorded message. 4. Substitute notice if the person demonstrates that the cost of providing notice pursuant to paragraph 1, 2 or 3 of this subsection would exceed $50,000, that the affected class of subject individuals to be notified exceeds one hundred thousand individuals or that the person does not have sufficient contact information. Substitute notice consists of all of the following: (a) A written letter to the attorney general that demonstrates the facts necessary for substitute notice. (b) Conspicuous posting of the notice for at least forty-five days on the website of the person if the person maintains one." *A.R.S. § 18-552(F).* [^stat-breach-pi-elements]: **A.R.S. § 18-551** — "7. ‘Personal information’: (a) Means any of the following: (i) An individual's first name or first initial and last name in combination with one or more specified data elements. (ii) An individual's user name or e-mail address, in combination with a password or security question and answer, that allows access to an online account. (b) Does not include publicly available information that is lawfully made available to the general public from federal, state or local government records or widely distributed media. 8. ‘Prosecution agency’ means the attorney general, a county attorney or a municipal prosecutor. 9. ‘Redact’ means to alter or truncate a number so that not more than the last four digits are accessible and at least two digits have been removed. 10. ‘Security incident’ means an event that creates reasonable suspicion that a person's information systems or computerized data may have been compromised or that measures put in place to protect the person's information systems or computerized data may have failed. 11. ‘Specified data element’ means any of the following: (a) An individual's social security number. (b) The number on an individual's driver license issued pursuant to section 28-3166 or nonoperating identification license issued pursuant to section 28-3165. (c) A private key that is unique to an individual and that is used to authenticate or sign an electronic record. (d) An individual's financial account number or credit or debit card number in combination with any required security code, access code or password that would allow access to the individual's financial account. (e) An individual's health insurance identification number. (f) Information about an individual's medical or mental health treatment or diagnosis by a health care professional. (g) An individual's passport number. (h) An individual's taxpayer identification number or an identity protection personal identification number issued by the United States internal revenue service. (i) Unique biometric data generated from a measurement or analysis of human body characteristics to authenticate an individual when the individual accesses an online account." *A.R.S. § 18-551(7), (11).* [^stat-breach-credentials]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "If a breach involves personal information as prescribed in section 18-551, paragraph 7, subdivision (a), item (ii) for an online account and does not involve personal information as defined in section 18-551, paragraph 7, subdivision (a), item (i), the person may comply with this section by providing the notification in an electronic or other form that directs the individual whose personal information has been breached to promptly change the individual's password and security question or answer, as applicable, or to take other steps that are appropriate to protect the online account with the person and all other online accounts for which the individual whose personal information has been breached uses the same user name and email address and password or security question or answer. If the breach of personal information as prescribed in section 18-551, paragraph 7, subdivision (a), item (ii) is for login credentials of an email account furnished by the person, the person is not required to comply with this section by providing the notification to that email address, but may comply with this section by providing notification by another method described in this subsection or by providing clear and conspicuous notification delivered to the individual online when the individual is connected to the online account from an internet protocol address or online location from which the person knows the individual customarily accesses the account. The person satisfies the notification requirement with regard to the individual's account with the person by requiring the individual to reset the individual's password or security question and answer for that account, if the person also notifies the individual to change the same password or security question and answer for all other online accounts for which the individual uses the same user name or email address and password or security question or answer." *A.R.S. § 18-552(G).* [^stat-breach-safe-harbors]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "A person that maintains the person's own notification procedures as part of an information security policy for the treatment of personal information and that is otherwise consistent with the requirements of this article, including the forty-five-day notification period required by subsection B of this section, is deemed to be in compliance with the notification requirements of subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section if the person notifies subject individuals in accordance with the person's policies if a security system breach occurs. I. A person that complies with the notification requirements or security system breach procedures pursuant to the rules, regulations, procedures, guidance or guidelines established by the person's primary or functional federal regulator is deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of subsection B, paragraph 1 of this section." *A.R.S. § 18-552(H)-(I).* [^stat-breach-exception]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "A person is not required to make the notification required by subsection B of this section if the person, an independent third-party forensic auditor or a law enforcement agency determines after a reasonable investigation that a security system breach has not resulted in or is not reasonably likely to result in substantial economic loss to affected individuals." *A.R.S. § 18-552(J).* [^q4-breach-penalty]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "A knowing and wilful violation of this section is an unlawful practice pursuant to section 44-1522, and only the attorney general may enforce such a violation by investigating and taking appropriate action pursuant to title 44, chapter 10, article 7. The attorney general may impose a civil penalty for a violation of this article not to exceed the lesser of $10,000 per affected individual or the total amount of economic loss sustained by affected individuals, but the maximum civil penalty from a breach or series of related breaches may not exceed $500,000. This section does not prevent the attorney general from recovering restitution for affected individuals." *A.R.S. § 18-552(L).* [^gipa-company-scope]: **A.R.S. § 44-8001** — "‘Direct-to-consumer genetic testing company’ or ‘company’ means an entity that offers genetic testing products or services directly to consumers that involve collecting from a consumer of either genetic data or biological samples and from which the company derives genetic data for analysis." *A.R.S. § 44-8001(4).* [^gipa-consent]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "Obtain a consumer's consent for collecting, using or disclosing the consumer's genetic data, including: (a) Initial express consent that clearly describes the uses of the genetic data collected through the genetic testing product or service and that specifies who has access to test results and how the genetic data may be shared. (b) Separate express consent for any of the following: (i) Transferring or disclosing the consumer's genetic data to any person other than the company's vendors and service providers. (ii) Using genetic data beyond the primary purpose of the genetic testing product or service and inherent contextual uses. (iii) Retaining any biological sample provided by the consumer following completion of the initial testing service requested by the consumer." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(A)(2).* [^gipa-insurer-ban]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "Notwithstanding any other provision in this section, a direct-to-consumer genetic testing company may not disclose a consumer's genetic data to any entity offering health insurance, life insurance or long-term care insurance or to any employer of the consumer." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(B).* [^genetic-confidential]: **A.R.S. § 12-2802** — "A person shall not disclose or be compelled to disclose the identity of any person on whom a genetic test is performed or the results of a genetic test in a manner that allows identification of the person tested except to the persons specified in the circumstances set forth in subsection A of this section." *A.R.S. § 12-2802(C).* [^gipa-government-security]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "3. Require a valid legal process for disclosing genetic data to law enforcement or any other government agency without a consumer's express written consent. 4. Develop, implement and maintain a comprehensive security program to protect a consumer's genetic data against unauthorized access, use or disclosure." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(A)(3)-(4).* [^gipa-process]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "Provide a process for a consumer to do all of the following: (a) Access the consumer's genetic data. (b) Delete the consumer's account and genetic data. (c) Request and obtain the destruction of the consumer's biological sample." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(A)(5).* [^gipa-research-marketing]: **A.R.S. § 44-8002** — "(c) Informed consent in compliance with the federal policy for the protection of human research subjects prescribed by 45 Code of Federal Regulations part 46 for transferring or disclosing the consumer's genetic data to third-party persons for research purposes or research conducted under the control of the company for the purpose of publication or generalizable knowledge. (d) Express consent for marketing to a consumer based on the consumer's genetic data or for marketing by a third-party person to a consumer based on the consumer having ordered or purchased a genetic testing product or service. For the purposes of this subdivision, marketing does not include providing customized content or offers on websites or through applications or services provided by the direct-to-consumer genetic testing company with the first-party relationship to the consumer." *A.R.S. § 44-8002(A)(2)(c)-(d).* [^gipa-exceptions]: **A.R.S. § 44-8003** — "This chapter does not apply to any of the following: 1. Protected health information that is collected by a covered entity or business associate governed by the privacy, security and breach notification rules issued by the United States department of health and human services under 45 Code of Federal Regulations parts 160 and 164. 2. Biological samples that are obtained or genetic data that is generated for the purposes of an individual's medical screening, treatment or diagnosis. 3. Genetic data that is generated by analyses or tests described in section 12-2801, paragraph 1, subdivision (b). 4. A public or private institution of higher education or an entity that is owned or operated by a public or private institution of higher education." *A.R.S. § 44-8003.* [^gipa-enforcement]: **A.R.S. § 44-8004** — "The attorney general may bring an action to enforce this chapter. A person who violates this chapter is subject to: 1. A civil penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation. 2. The payment of actual damages incurred by consumers as a result of the violation. 3. Costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the office of the attorney general." *A.R.S. § 44-8004.* [^genetic-minor-consent]: **A.R.S. § 12-2803** — "A genetic test shall not be conducted on an unemancipated minor without the consent of the parent or legal guardian of the minor except for testing under the newborn screening program pursuant to section 36-694." *A.R.S. § 12-2803(A).* [^genetic-informed-consent]: **A.R.S. § 12-2803** — "Except for the circumstances prescribed in section 12-2802, subsection A, paragraph 4, 7 or 9, a health care provider shall not conduct a genetic test on a person unless the health care provider first obtains written informed consent from the person to be tested or from the person's authorized representative." *A.R.S. § 12-2803(C).* [^genetic-public-records]: **A.R.S. § 12-2804** — "Information and records held by a state agency or a local health authority relating to genetic testing information are confidential and are exempt from the public copying and inspection requirements of title 39, chapter 1, article 2. B. A state agency or a local health authority shall not release or make available to the public genetic testing information and records." *A.R.S. § 12-2804.* [^stat-ssn-restrictions]: **A.R.S. § 44-1373** — "Except as otherwise specifically provided by law, beginning on January 1, 2005, a person or entity shall not: 1. Intentionally communicate or otherwise make an individual's social security number available to the general public. 2. Print an individual's social security number on any card required for the individual to receive products or services provided by the person or entity. 3. Require the transmission of an individual's social security number over the internet unless the connection is secure or the social security number is encrypted. 4. Require the use of an individual's social security number to access an internet web site, unless a password or unique personal identification number or other authentication device is also required to access the site. 5. Print a number that the person or entity knows to be an individual's social security number on any materials that are mailed to the individual, unless state or federal law requires the social security number to be on the document to be mailed. This paragraph does not prohibit the mailing of documents that include social security numbers sent as part of an application or enrollment process or to establish, amend or terminate an account, contract or policy or to confirm the accuracy of the social security number. In a transaction involving or otherwise relating to an individual, if a person or entity receives a number from a third party, the person or entity has no duty to inquire or otherwise determine if the number is or includes that individual's social security number. The person or entity may print that number on materials that are mailed to the individual, unless the person or entity that received the number has actual knowledge that the number is or includes the individual's social security number. This paragraph does not prohibit the mailing to the individual of any copy or reproduction of a document that includes a social security number if the social security number was included on the original document before January 1, 2005." *A.R.S. § 44-1373(A).* [^stat-disposal]: **A.R.S. § 44-7601** — "An entity shall not knowingly discard or dispose of records or documents without redacting the information or destroying the records or documents if the records or documents contain an individual's first and last name or first initial and last name in combination with a corresponding complete: 1. Social security number. 2. Credit card, charge card or debit card number. 3. Retirement account number. 4. Savings, checking or securities entitlement account number. 5. Driver license number or nonoperating identification license number." *A.R.S. § 44-7601(A).* [^stat-ssn-enforcement]: **A.R.S. § 44-1373** — "Only the attorney general or a county attorney, or both, may commence a legal action for a violation of this section." *A.R.S. § 44-1373(H).* [^stat-disposal-enforcement]: **A.R.S. § 44-7601** — "This section may be enforced by either of the following: 1. A county attorney in the county in which the records or documents were wrongfully discarded or disposed. If a violation occurs by the same entity in multiple counties, a county attorney in a county in which records or documents were improperly discarded or disposed of, after filing a notice of intent to enforce this section, may send a copy of the notice to the county attorney in each county in which records or documents were not properly discarded or disposed of and may request that the actions be consolidated. 2. The attorney general." *A.R.S. § 44-7601(B).* [^stat-disposal-penalty]: **A.R.S. § 44-7601** — "A civil penalty shall be imposed for each violation of subsection A of this section arising out of one incident. The civil penalty shall not exceed: 1. Five hundred dollars for a first violation. 2. One thousand dollars for a second violation. 3. Five thousand dollars for a third or subsequent violation." *A.R.S. § 44-7601(C).* [^stat-disposal-limits]: **A.R.S. § 44-7601** — "An entity that maintains and complies with the entity's own procedures for the discarding or disposing of records or documents containing the information listed in subsection A of this section that is consistent with the requirements of this section shall be deemed to be in compliance with this section. E. This section does not apply to any of the following: 1. An entity subject to title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley act (P.L. 106-102; 113 Stat. 1338; 15 United States Code sections 6801 through 6809). 2. Covered entities and business associates as defined under regulations implementing the health insurance portability and accountability act, 45 Code of Federal Regulations section 160.103 (2003). 3. An entity subject to the federal fair credit reporting act (15 United States Code section 1681x). F. This section only applies to paper records and paper documents." *A.R.S. § 44-7601(D)-(F).* [^q7-breach-penalty]: **A.R.S. § 18-552** — "A knowing and wilful violation of this section is an unlawful practice pursuant to section 44-1522, and only the attorney general may enforce such a violation by investigating and taking appropriate action pursuant to title 44, chapter 10, article 7. The attorney general may impose a civil penalty for a violation of this article not to exceed the lesser of $10,000 per affected individual or the total amount of economic loss sustained by affected individuals, but the maximum civil penalty from a breach or series of related breaches may not exceed $500,000. This section does not prevent the attorney general from recovering restitution for affected individuals." *A.R.S. § 18-552(L).* [^q7-gipa-enforcement]: **A.R.S. § 44-8004** — "The attorney general may bring an action to enforce this chapter. A person who violates this chapter is subject to: 1. A civil penalty of up to $2,500 for each violation. 2. The payment of actual damages incurred by consumers as a result of the violation. 3. Costs and reasonable attorney fees incurred by the office of the attorney general." *A.R.S. § 44-8004.* [^q7-cfa-remedies]: **A.R.S. § 44-1528** — "Following an investigation made pursuant to section 44-1524 and when it appears to the attorney general that a person has engaged in or is engaging in any practice declared to be unlawful by this article, the attorney general may seek and obtain in an action in a court of competent jurisdiction an injunction prohibiting the person from continuing the practices or engaging in the practice or doing any acts in furtherance of the practice after notice as is required by the rules of civil procedure. The court may make such orders or judgments as may be necessary to: 1. Prevent the use or employment by a person of any unlawful practices. 2. Restore to any person in interest any monies or property, real or personal, which may have been acquired by means of any practice in this article declared to be unlawful, including the appointment of a receiver. 3. Require that any profits, gain, gross receipts or other benefit obtained by means of any practice in this article declared to be unlawful be disgorged and paid to the state for deposit in the consumer remediation subaccount of the consumer restitution and remediation revolving fund established by section 44-1531.02." *A.R.S. § 44-1528(A).* [^q7-cfa-penalty]: **A.R.S. § 44-1531** — "If a court finds that any person has wilfully violated section 44-1522, the attorney general upon petition to the court may recover from the person on behalf of the state a civil penalty of not more than ten thousand dollars per violation. B. For purposes of this section, a wilful violation occurs when the party committing the violation knew or should have known that his conduct was of the nature prohibited by section 44-1522." *A.R.S. § 44-1531(A)-(B).* [^q7-cfa-costs]: **A.R.S. § 44-1534** — "In any action brought under the provisions of this article, the attorney general is entitled to recover costs, which in the discretion of the court may include a sum representing reasonable attorney's fees for the services rendered, for the use of the state." *A.R.S. § 44-1534.* [^q7-cfa-unlawful]: **A.R.S. § 44-1522** — "The act, use or employment by any person of any deception, deceptive or unfair act or practice, fraud, false pretense, false promise, misrepresentation, or concealment, suppression or omission of any material fact with intent that others rely on such concealment, suppression or omission, in connection with the sale or advertisement of any merchandise whether or not any person has in fact been misled, deceived or damaged thereby, is declared to be an unlawful practice." *A.R.S. § 44-1522(A).*